5/18/2023 0 Comments Ddr recovery discount code![]() They’re power-hungry: microcontrollers are built on larger processes than application processors to reduce their leakage current. Yes, you can run Linux without an MMU, but you usually shouldn’t: Cortex-M7 parts that can barely hit 500 MHz routinely go for double or quadruple the price of faster Cortex-A7s. The biggest difference between these application processors and a microcontroller is quite simple: microprocessors have a memory management unit (MMU), and microcontrollers don’t. Instead, we use application processors - popular ones are the Arm Cortex-A, ARM926EJ-S, and several MIPS iterations. Teach a person to fish, you know? Microcontroller vs Microprocessor: DifferencesĬoming from microcontrollers, the first thing you’ll notice is that Linux doesn’t usually run on Cortex-M, 8051, AVR, or other popular microcontroller architectures. So while I’ll post pictures of the boards and screenshots of layouts to illustrate specific points, these aren’t intended to serve as reference designs or anything the whole point of the review is to get you to a spot where you’ll want to go off and design your own little Linux boards. Also, I limited the on-board peripherals to the bare minimum required to boot, so there are no audio CODECs, little I2C sensors, or Ethernet PHYs on these boards.Īs a result, the boards I built for this review are akin to the notes from your high school history class or a recording you made of yourself practicing a piece of music to study later. These boards won’t win any awards for power consumption or EMC: to keep things easy, I often cheated by combining power rails together that would typically be powered (and sequenced!) separately. Each of these boards was designed across one or two days’ worth of time and used JLC’s low-cost 4-layer PCB manufacturing service. This helped me discover little “gotchas” that each CPU has, as well as optimize the design for cost and hand-assembly. I intentionally designed these boards from scratch rather than starting with someone else’s CAD files. This allowed me to try out different DDR layout and power management strategies - as well as fix some bugs along the way. Well, actually, many dev boards for each processor: roughly 25 different designs in total. To this end, I designed a dev board from scratch for each application processor reviewed. Except for some minor benchmarking at the end, once we get to a shell prompt, we’ll consider the job completed.Īs a departure from my microcontroller review, this time I’m focusing heavily on hardware design: unlike the microcontrollers I reviewed, these chips vary considerably in PCB design difficulty - a discussion I would be in error to omit. Getting a part booted is an entirely different ordeal altogether - that’s what we’ll be focused on. Your I2C drivers, your GPIO calls - even your V4L-based image processing code - will all work seamlessly.Īt least, that’s the sales pitch. That makes chips running embedded Linux almost a commodity product: as long as your processor checks off the right boxes, your application code won’t know if it’s running on an ST or a Microchip part - even if one of those is a brand-new dual-core Cortex-A7 and the other is an old ARM9. ![]() If my mantra for the microcontroller article was that you should pick the right part for the job and not be afraid to learn new software ecosystems, my argument for this post is even simpler: once you’re booted into Linux on basically any of these parts, they become identical development environments. Just like my microcontroller article, the parts I picked range from the well-worn horses that have pulled along products for the better part of this decade, to fresh-faced ICs with intriguing capabilities that you can keep up your sleeve. This article is targeted at embedded engineers who are familiar with microcontrollers but not with microprocessors or Linux, so I wanted to put together something with a quick primer on why you’d want to run embedded Linux, a broad overview of what’s involved in designing around application processors, and then a dive into some specific parts you should check out - and others you should avoid - for entry-level embedded Linux systems. There’s an occult consortium of engineering pros who drop these chips into designs with utter confidence, while the uninitiated cower for their Raspberry Pis and overpriced industrial SOMs. Massive shifts over the last few years have seen internet-connected devices become more featureful (and hopefully, more secure), and I’m finding myself putting Linux into more and more places.Īmong beginner engineers, application processors supplicate reverence: one minor PCB bug and your $10,000 prototype becomes a paperweight. After I published my $1 MCU write-up, several readers suggested I look at application processors - the MMU-endowed chips necessary to run real operating systems like Linux. ![]()
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5/18/2023 0 Comments Wedding expenses![]() Remember, I didn’t make any of these things, I just collected them. Think I’ve missed a wedding budget checklist? Or maybe you’ve made your own that isn’t on the list? Just let me know and I’ll add it. Wedding venue and catering: PHP 50,000 to PHP 300,000 for 100 pax.How much does a wedding cost in the Philippines? Other areas to keep in mind include apparel, entertainment, vendors, rings, stationery, and some other costs. Venue, food, and decorations will take up more than half of your budget. ![]() It is possible to have a wedding for under $20,000. Wedding Budget FAQs What is a reasonable budget for a wedding?Īccording to The Knot’s 2020 Real Weddings Study, the average wedding cost in 2020 was $19,000. Your Destination Wedding Budget Worksheet. ![]() One of the best money-saving ideas is to overestimate the worth of everything by at least 15% so you don’t go over budget or have to make significant compromises. You just need to distribute your finances according to your priorities and replace the estimations with actual amounts when you come across them. It’s a good idea to input your wedding goods into the estimate to see how much it will cost. The wedding budget template for couples that know what they want but don’t know how much it will all be. This wedding budget spreadsheet solves that problem. When it comes to budgeting, many brides and grooms have a good sense of how much they can afford, but they do not really know how to spend it effectively. This wedding budget spreadsheet is a breeze to use.Įverything is divided down into easy-to-understand categories, and they even propose how much of your wedding budget to allocate to each one. This budget template for a wedding has sections for the dress, reception, flowers, and music, among others. Wedding Expenses: The Traditional Division Emily Post Traditionally, who pays for what Here is a list of the traditional breakdown of wedding expenses for the bride and groom's families, the bridesmaids and groomsmen, and even the wedding guests. No matter if you’re organizing a big event or a small one, it makes financial sense to stick to your budget. This wedding budget planning checklist will help you keep track of all of your wedding costs. Making a wedding budget doesn’t have to be a hassle when you have the correct resources at hand. Here are a collection of useful wedding budget checklists to use for inspiration: Wedding budget planner Budget Wedding Checklistĭon’t worry too much about what to include in your checklist. What should be included in a wedding budget checklist?Ī wedding budget checklist should include costs of vendors, venue, reception, apparel, ceremony, honeymoon, rings, stationary etc. Why is a wedding budget checklist important?Ī wedding budget checklist helps you stay on top of all the things you will need to buy and book for your wedding, without going over your budget. A wedding budget checklist is a list that helps you remember everything that should be paid for when planning your wedding. ![]() 5/18/2023 0 Comments Ishikawa diagram culture people![]() How to create a fishbone diagramįishbone diagrams are typically made during a team meeting and drawn on a flipchart or whiteboard. Fishbone diagrams are considered one of seven basic quality tools and are used in the "analyze" phase of Six Sigma's DMAIC (define, measure, analyze, improve, control) approach to problem-solving.įishbone diagrams are also called a cause and effect diagram, or Ishikawa diagram. Kaoru Ishikawa, a Japanese quality control expert, is credited with inventing the fishbone diagram to help employees avoid solutions that merely address the symptoms of a much larger problem. Fishbone diagrams are typically worked right to left, with each large "bone" of the fish branching out to include smaller bones, each containing more detail.ĭr. The name comes from the diagram's design, which looks much like a skeleton of a fish. After the group has brainstormed all the possible causes for a problem, the facilitator helps the group to rate the potential causes according to their level of importance and diagram a hierarchy. It should be efficient as a test case technique to determine cause and effect.Ī fishbone diagram is useful in product development and troubleshooting processes, typically used to focus a conversation around a problem. Typically used for root cause analysis, a fishbone diagram combines the practice of brainstorming with a type of mind map template. ![]() This tool is used in order to identify a problem’s root causes. ![]() A fishbone diagram is a visualization tool for categorizing the potential causes of a problem. ![]() 5/18/2023 0 Comments Aquadine cichlid food![]() In some cases both!! Your aquarium gets dissolved oxygen from the surface of the tank water. If you have a filter the water gathers oxygen as it flows from the filter back into the aquarium, live plants and airpumps also add oxygen into the aquarium. The use of airstones, bubblers and powerheads also move the water. Flexible Diffusers Flexible Diffusers are used in tropical aquarium environments to add oxygen to the water.The flexible bubble wand creates a beautiful decorative bubble curtain. The flexible material allows for many options within the aquarium. AquariumH20 supplies many different flexible Air Diffusers. Creates a beautiful wall of fine air bubbles.Īir Diffusers work better for aerating your aquarium because of the flexibility of the air bubble wall air diffuser air curtain wands ability to bend around ornaments, rocks and decorations improving circulation and oxygen in your water. Easy care and maintenance, simply wipe off under water. Perfect for any aquariums, ponds, marine tanks or salt and fresh water fish tanks. ![]() Airline When an air pump is required, airline tubing is the perfect product.Airline is a thin plastic tube which is attached to the air pump outside the aquarium and takes the air from the pump into the fish tank. ![]() It is made of soft, pliable silicone and will not harden meaning the tube remains kink resistant for long periods and is easy to work with and maintains flexibility over time. Also is safe for fresh or salt water environments. Standard 3/16″ diameter fits all standard aquarium air pump outlets and most accessories. ![]() Air line is a standard diameter, you simply buy as much as you need for the set-up you want. It is important that you have a non-return valve in the airline between the pump and the water. In the event of a power cut they prevent water siphoning from the aquarium through the airline and into the pump. ![]() 5/18/2023 0 Comments Euro truck simulator 2 crack x64![]() ![]() Please extract the files with the password mentioned below if prompted.Download the crack from any of the links provided below.HY7GTR-54EW3S-EDRTG-VYBHUJ-MNW-SZXE Installation guide: You can change the truck’s exterior accessories to your liking or if damage occurs. ![]() You can change the truck’s exterior accessories to your liking or if damage occurs.Thousands of miles of real road trip experience by exploring famous landmarks.A great experience to travel to more than 50 European cities from different countries.All trucks are equipped with the latest in automotive technology and design.By tuning your truck, you can improve its performance and speed.Also, you have full access to purchase tires, lamps, horns, decorative grills, backlights, and many other repairable things.You can change the interior of the truck by changing its various accessories.If any damage occurs, the truck can be repaired in a shop.You can change the color of your truck according to your favorite color.The updated Euro Truck Simulator has full truck customization options.Now, let’s see how to prove you are the best truck driver while supplying cargo. ![]() If you break the driving laws, the police are on their way to find and arrest you. Overall, the game simulator provides a true graphics quality that is close to reality. It has a large variety of transportation with different missions, builds your own group of trucks, engages truck drivers in purchasing workshops, and manages a complete cargo supply business. ![]() This game gives you a real feeling of driving which depends on your stamina and depends on how long you play for the longest time. Euro Truck Simulator Pro Crack Full Version Download Moreover, Euro Truck Simulator 3 Keygen Download can provide the real thrill of driving more as much as you play the game while driving recklessly or doing tricks with your driving experience which is the essence of the game. Euro Truck Simulator 3 is a game in which you can travel across Europe as the king of the road, a truck driver who delivers important cargo over impressive distances. In this game, you have the mission to supply the important cargo to long destinations. This game simulator is full of action where you can enjoy playing the game as a wrecked truck driver. If you have what it takes to be a part of Elite Truck Force, get behind the wheel and prove it! Euro Truck Simulator 3 Crack offers you a savor of a journey across Europe as the king of the road. Now, let’s see how to prove you are the best truck driver while supplying cargo.Įuro Truck Simulator Pro (3) Crack Unlimited MoneyĮuro Truck Simulator License key Spanish travel around Europe as the king of the road, the truck driver who delivers a large payload over impressive distances! With dozens of cities to explore from the UK, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, and many more, your stamina, skills and speed will reach your limits. You can play ETS 2 game by downloading the latest version for free to your computer from here, but if you just want to download the crack, you can get it from the download links provided below. You need some serious driving skills because, in my opinion, this is the most realistic truck driving simulator game. This game is developed by SCS and after its release, there are many updates to the game that came along with DLC. Euro Truck Simulator Pro Crack Full Version DownloadĮuro Truck Simulator Pro (3) Crack APK + OBB (MOD) 2022Įuro Truck Simulator Pro (3) Crack An amazing simulation game that can be played with simulators, a joystick, and a keyboard as well.Euro Truck Simulator Pro (3) Crack Unlimited Money.Euro Truck Simulator Pro (3) Crack APK + OBB (MOD) 2022. ![]() 5/18/2023 0 Comments Funny words that start with w![]() ![]() Wheel-Horseīack at a time when horses were widely used for transport and to power machinery, a leader was a horse positioned in front of whatever contraption it was pulling or powering, while a wheel-horse was positioned among the machinery itself, typically between the shafts of two rotating wheels. ![]() Whang is an old English dialect word meaning “to beat” or “thrash,” and derived from that, a whangsby is anything that is particularly tough or hard-wearing. Wet-HandĪn old northern English nickname for a drunkard. Well-a-day is an old expression of woe or sorrow, but well-a-fine was essentially an 18th-century equivalent of “what do you know!” or “that’s all well and good!” 14. As a result, a perfectly clear blue sky was once known as a weather-breeder, in the sense that it probably means that there’s a storm brewing. Weather-BreederĪ cloudless sky might sound like perfect weather, but old folklore claims that a sky without a cloud in sight is actually an omen of heavy rain to come. Water-StandingĬoined by Shakespeare in Henry VI: Part 3, the adjective water-standing means “flooded with tears.” 12. Bonus fact: Midwives were also once nicknamed “rabbit-catchers.” 11. Watch-BirthĪn old 18th-century nickname for a midwife. WastegoodĪ 16th-century word for a spendthrift. WashamouthĪn old dialect word used both for someone who habitually speaks before thinking, or who frequently uses bad language. WarzlementĪn old dialect word for sycophantic flattery or wheedling, persuading language. In addition to meaning “to bend or distort out of shape,” the verb warp has a number of other definitions, including “to put on or take off a garment hastily,” “to sprinkle or scatter something across a surface,” both “to fling open a gate” and “to open a door wide,” “to float through the air,” “to deflect or divert something from its usual route or course,” “to move or work slowly on your hands and knees,” and “to suddenly place someone in great distress.” 7. The unassuming word warp might just be one of the most bizarrely useful words in the English language. The war– part is probably a contraction of “work.” 6. ![]() WardayĪ warday (pronounced so that “war” rhymes with “bar,” not “core”) is simply a weekday. As a verb, wamble means “to feel nauseated,” or, figuratively, “to turn over and over.” 5. in the 19th century, wamble-cropped means sick to your stomach. Wamble-CroppedĪn old 16th-century dialect word that spread to the U.S. Figuratively, you can also use this one to mean a thin or meager-looking person, or as a nickname for someone who always appears shabbily or untidily dressed. The youngest or last-hatched bird in a brood is the wallydrag or wally-draigle. Wag-pasty is an old Tudor word for a “mischievous rogue,” according to the Oxford English Dictionary (OED). Wag-FeatherĪn old slang name for a foolish, swaggering, braggish person. And that’s without adding any of these to your vocabulary … 1. Today, the letter W accounts for just under 2 percent of all English language writing, but thanks to the high frequency of words like was, will, with, were, which, would, who, what, where, when, and why, you can expect W to be the first letter of roughly one in every 20 of the words you use every day. It's this history that gives W the longest name of any letter of the English language-and also means that the acronym www uniquely contains three times more syllables than it does letters. Eventually, these two ran together into one single character, W, which has remained in use to this day. Originally, the ancient Germanic languages of Europe didn’t have a letter to adequately represent their “w” sound (the labio-velar approximant, if you want to get technical), so instead it was represented by two consecutive letter Us or Vs. W is called “double-U” because it was once precisely that. ![]() 5/17/2023 0 Comments Diy metal storm shelter![]() ![]() Some prefab units come as small as 5 feet by 5 feet by 8 feet-small, but big enough to get the job done in a pinch for a few adults. While underground shelters are more secure and take up less space, they are naturally prone to flooding, so it’s worth talking to a local installer to determine what’s best for your area. These cost more since they are more difficult to install due to the complexities of building underground. Garage storm shelter cost ranges between $3,000 and $9,000, while the average cost for all types of above-ground storm shelters could be up to $15,000.Īn underground storm shelter cost is usually between $4,000 and $30,000. Many of these above-ground shelters are placed in a garage or basement. UndergroundĪbove-ground storm shelters tend to cost a little less than underground shelters. Expect to pay up to $30,000 depending on the size of the shelter being built. As with any custom construction project, it will cost more money, but it will also meet more of your needs. Granted, a 5-foot by 5-foot by 8-foot shelter might not be large enough for your needs, so the cost could be higher.Ĭustom storm shelters can be built to suit in any area you prefer. In-ground storm shelter cost for a small prefab model could range from $3,000 to $8,000 plus delivery and installation. Prefab storm shelters can be a budget-friendly way to install a shelter and still meet standard safety requirements. The benefits outweigh the cost since this is a matter of life and death in many areas, so as you plan this important project, use the information below to understand what to expect for storm shelter cost. Storm shelters can be as simple as a basic safe shelter to hold a few people, or they could be decked out with shelving, plumbing, and a power supply. Storm shelter costs are determined by the type of shelter, installation, materials, site preparation, and any special features you want to have. On average, a storm shelter cost is $2,600 to $11,441, but most homeowners spend around $6,641. A true storm shelter must meet federal safety requirements for withstanding winds and debris from extreme weather. Storm shelters come in a variety of shapes and sizes-even some prefabs-which means you’ll see a range in prices, too. Since destructive storms can pop up at any time, it’s wise to be prepared rather than caught without safe shelter. It is structurally built to bear wind loads in excess of 250 mph or an EF5 tornado.If the thought of building a storm shelter has crossed your mind recently, then it’s probably time to jump on it. ![]() Each shelter bears a certificate with a serial number from the National Storm Shelter Association stating that the design, construction and installation meet the FEMA P-361, April 2021 Fourth Edition and NSSA ICC 500-2020, which are the highest standards for building tornado shelters. Our garage shelter has been tested and passed at Texas Tech Wind Science and Debris Impact Testing Center, the same center that does FEMA testing. Tell us how many people you need to protect or give us the measurements and we’ll build it for you! This shelter is bolted and anchored to the existing concrete in your garage. Our steel garage tornado shelter can be custom made in various sizes. All shelters have 2 top-mounted vents.Ĭontact us for a free storm shelter quote. Pictured below are our 4’8″X8’8″, 6’8″X6’8″ and Decorative (available in 6’8″X6’8″only) models (all sizes listed are approximate exterior measurements). Our concrete shelter can be attached to your existing pad/patio or a pad can be provided and installed with your shelter. This shelter is constructed from concrete that tests at 6,000 PSI and has reinforced steel bar and fiber mesh for additional strength with 4” walls. ![]() The door has been tested at Texas Tech Wind Science and Debris Impact Testing Center and is rated for 250 mph winds or EF5 tornado, meeting FEMA criteria. The steel out-swing door has 3 locking bolts (all keyed together) with 3 grease-able hinges and has been painted with a metal primer. This residential tornado shelter is made with concrete and built to ICC 500 specifications. Concrete Tornado Shelters Custom concrete tornado shelters ![]() 5/17/2023 0 Comments Free font kit for pc![]() ![]() emoji-regex - A regular expression to match all Emoji-only symbols as per the Unicode Standard.emoji-minesweeper - Minesweeper game made with emojis.emoji-data-js - Emoji encoding swiss army knife for NodeJS.- A one pager for emojis on Campfire and GitHub.alfred-emoji-workflow - Alfred 2 workflow for searching emoji codes.Urbanist - Geometric sans-serif variable font.Redacted - Keep your wireframes free of distracting Lorem Ipsum.Libre Franklin - An interpretation and expansion based on Morris Fuller Benton’s 1912 classic.Inter - A typeface specially designed for user interfaces.Barlow - A grotesk variable font superfamily.AtF Spark - Font designed to create sparklines.FontsKey - Provides free fonts for personal use and commercial paid fonts, and can enter text for quick filtering.The Ultimate Oldschool PC Font Pack - A collection of text mode fonts, system fonts and BIOS fonts from DOS-era PCs.Overpass - An open source font family inspired by Highway Gothic.The League of Moveable Type - The Open-Source Type Movement.Indestructible Type - An open-source font foundry.Roboto - Default font on Android & ChromeOS, and the recommended typeface for Material Design.Noto Fonts - Internationalized font for all languages, with rich support for CJK and emoji.Font Squirrel - A curated collection of free fonts from a variety of foundries.Fontshare - A free fonts service launched by the Indian Type Foundry (ITF).Crella - Fonts offered for free for commercial use.Fonts In Use - A public archive of typography.Fontjoy - Generate font combinations with deep learning.27 fonts (give or take) that explain your world.A curated list of fonts and typography resources. ![]() 5/17/2023 0 Comments Iword and the sound of creation![]() ![]() Sound, light and colour, for example, are ultimately equivalent to energy. In it, Einstein (1950:13–17) declares that everything in our reality is made up of waveforms that are harmonically unified. Einstein was almost certainly the first person to present this theory to a wider scientific audience when he presented a paper on unified field equations to the Scientific American journal. In this theory, differential equations are used to model the behaviour of complex systems. In this frame of mind, one needs to commence with the mathematical theory of differential equations first developed within the natural sciences. This particular field of study is referred to as Cymatic Theology (Pretorius 2008:1–4). The overarching premise to be argued throughout this paper centres on the question of whether sound frequencies and vibrations have the potential to create and whether it is theologically sagacious to assert that God was the ultimate source of this sound, or more specifically sacred sound, embedded within the initial light, thereby bringing into existence reality as presently observed. The following question needs to be asked: can sound be deemed a biblically feasible process through which God realised creation and can it be scientifically verified? (Elson 2004:33)įurthermore, Elson (2004:113) asserts that the Sefer Yetzirah (the title of the earliest extant book on Jewish esotericism), teaches that sound was God’s primary creative influence. Such mystical writings as Gikatila’s Sha’ar haNekud. They are buried deep within the Kabbalah, as well as in ![]() The secrets of sacred sound has been hidden for centuries. Which details exclusively the argument that sound was, and is, one of the mediums employed by God in creating, providing and keeping his creation.īesides this, the concept of ‘sacred sounds’ can be uncovered in numerous mystic writings. That, by engaging the different opinions proposed by physics, philosophy and religion, one would be in a healthier position to reason and put forward a theistic 1 persuasion concerning reality, Whether specifically from a physical and evolutionary idea or from a religious one, a foundation for investigation must be identified. It is my belief that to come to terms with the aspect of sound which is embedded within the initial light of creation, an accurate understanding of reality necessitates that this element be investigatedĪs well, primarily from a creationist perspective. The disciplinary approaches to God which employ sound and light as mediums of creation is not probable in one paper, I have endeavoured to allude succinctly to them, to strengthen the underlying principle It should be noted that although a detailed argument of all Of sound and light is probably a most promising aspect of this transversal space between science and religion and is certainly worth pursuing. ![]() Presupposition, there is, in my view, sufficient justification to bring science and religion into discussion to further the general understanding of what reality is. This is revealed by each one’s mental models of reality that are inevitably incomplete in their respective disciplines. ![]() In numerous respected circles, these two disciplines are envisagedĪs complementary approaches in seeking to comprehend reality. There is unquestionably an emergent realism and humility with reference to the discourse of the two disciplines of science and religion. Sound: Conceivably the creative language of God, holding all of creation in concert This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License. He is also on the staff of the South African Theological Seminary. Johan Buitendag in the research area of understanding reality in the Department of Dogmatics, University of Pretoria. #485, 7 pages.ĭr Mark Pretorius is a research associate of Prof. Pretorius, M., 2011, ‘Sound: Conceivably the creative language of God, holding all of creation in concert’, Verbum et Ecclesia 32(1), Art. 1Research Associate, Department of Dogmatics and Christian Ethics, University of Pretoria, South AfricaĢSouth African Theological Seminary, Rivonia, South Africa ![]() 5/17/2023 0 Comments Medical tuning fork![]() ![]() The lining of the ciliate epithelium is composed of respiratory mucus and peri-ciliary fluid. ![]() Ciliary rhythm is dependent on the viscoelastic properties and clearance of the respiratory mucus. Ultra-structural alterations of the cilia, such as the absence of inner or outerdyne in arms and the deletion or transposition of pairs of central or peripheral microtubules, lead to significant changes in the ciliary rhythm frequency and pattern, thereby causing the stasis of secretion and repeated respiratory infection, as occurs in primary ciliary dyskinesia. The metachronal wave directs the flow of mucus in the nasal cavities toward the nasopharynx, oropharnyx and hypopharynx, where the secretion is swallowed. This rhythm follows a coordinated sequence, producing a metachronal wave, the control mechanism of which remains unknown. Under normal conditions, the cilia of the septal mucosa and inferior turbinates beat at a frequency of 12 to 15 Hz (beat/second). The number of cilia per cell ranges from 50 and 100 and is influenced by age and position in the respiratory tract. The cilia are responsible for mucociliary clearance. The main function of the mucociliary system is the removal of particles or substances that are potentially harmful to the respiratory tract through transport by the cilia or the action of coughing or sneezing in situations involving the overproduction of mucus, such as allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, chronic bronchitis, cystic fibrosis and asthma. The upper airways are the first interface among the internal environment and microorganisms, allergens and inhaled particles, which are deposited in the respiratory apparatus during breathing. Mucous membranes in the upper airways, nasal cavity and bronchioles are formed by pseudo-stratified, cylindrical, ciliate epithelium intercalated with submucosal glands and goblet cells, which produce mucus. The tuning fork models developed in this study generated different frequencies proposed by the scientific literature as effective in the mobilization of pulmonary secretions. ![]() Each equipment reaches a fixed frequency preset of 12, 15 and 20 Hz measured by digital oscilloscope. This study shows the result of the development of others three tuning forks of different dimensions to generate different frequencies. The tuning fork is activated by squeezing the tips of the extensions together and releasing them in a sudden movement. The device is characterized by a bottom end containing a transducer with a diameter of 62 mm and a thickness of 5/16 mm (8''), a rod removable 148 mm, fork length of 362 mm and an extension at the upper end of sinuous shape bilaterally.The tuning forks must be applied at an angle of 90° directly on the chest wall of the patient after pulmonary auscultation for location of secretions. This device generated a frequency of 25 Hz and had a weight of 521 g, with dimensions of 600 mm in total length. The first tuning fork was made with a fixed frequency of 25 Hz and it was recorded in the Brazilian institution of patent registration. The aim of the present study is to develop tuning forks with different frequencies, for use in bronchopulmonary hygiene therapy. It is expected that a tuning fork is able to generate vibrations in the thorax, facilitating bronchial hygiene. The optimal vibration frequency to mobilize secretions is widely debated and varies between 3 and 25 Hz. The tuning fork therapeutic for the purpose of bronchial hygiene has still not been described in the literature. The main function of the mucociliary system is the removal of particles or substances that are potentially harmful to the respiratory tract. ![]() |